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WORD GRAMMAR
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Verb
- Conjugation in indicative
- Person and number
- Tenses
- Voice
- Mood
- Verb categories
- Valency
- Semantic categories of verbs
- Finite / non-finite verb forms
- Noun
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Article
- Pronoun
- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Particle
- Interjection
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Verb
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SENTENCE GRAMMAR
- Clause types
- Complex clauses
- Constituents of a sentence
- Sentence structure
- Word order in a sentence
- Negation
Present perfect
CA5
The present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verbs haben or sein and the past participle (Partizip II). The verb determines which of the two auxiliary verbs will be used. See more at Tenses with haben or sein.
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Present perfect indicative with haben
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| person | auxiliary verb | past participle (Partizip II) | ||||||
| ich | habe | gespielt | ||||||
| du | hast | |||||||
| er / sie / es | hat | |||||||
| wir | haben | |||||||
| ihr | habt | |||||||
| sie | haben | |||||||
| Sie | haben | |||||||
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Present perfect indicative with sein
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| person | auxiliary verb | past participle (Partizip II) | ||||||
| ich | bin | gereist | ||||||
| du | bist | |||||||
| er / sie / es | ist | |||||||
| wir | sind | |||||||
| ihr | seid | |||||||
| sie | sind | |||||||
| Sie | sind | |||||||
CA5A
Formation of the past participle (Partizip II)
The past participle (Partizip II) of regular verbs is formed with the prefix "ge", the verb stem and the ending "t". An easier way is the addition of the prefix "ge" to the 3rd person singular present.
The formula is :
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ge + 3rd person singular present = past participle (Partizip II)
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| Examples | ||||
| spielen |
ge
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+
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spielt
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gespielt
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| machen |
macht
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gemacht
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| lachen |
lacht
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gelacht
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| kochen |
kocht
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gekocht
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| arbeiten |
arbeitet
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gearbeitet
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| infinitive |
prefix ge
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+
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3rd person singular present
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past participle (Partizip II) |
CA5B
In separable verbs, "ge" is placed between the verb prefix and the verb stem.
| Examples | ||||||
| einkaufen |
ein
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+
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ge
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+
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kauft
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eingekauft
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| aufmachen |
auf
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macht
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aufgemacht
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| infinitive |
verb prefix
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+
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prefix ge
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+
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3rd person singular present
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past participle (Partizip II)
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CA5C
Inseparable verbs form the past participle (Partizip II) without the use of the prefix "ge". The past participle (Partizip II) is identical to the 3rd person singular present. See more at "Past participle with/without -ge-".
| Examples | ||
| verkaufen |
verkauft
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verkauft
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| zerstören |
zerstört
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zerstört
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| infinitive |
3rd person singular present
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past participle (Partizip II)
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