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WORD GRAMMAR
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Verb
- Conjugation in indicative
- Person and number
- Tenses
- Voice
- Mood
- Verb categories
- Valency
- Semantic categories of verbs
- Finite / non-finite verb forms
- Noun
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Article
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- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Particle
- Interjection
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Verb
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SENTENCE GRAMMAR
- Clause types
- Complex clauses
- Constituents of a sentence
- Sentence structure
- Word order in a sentence
- Negation
Present Perfect
CA13
The present perfect is formed with the auxiliary verbs haben or sein and the past participle (Partizip II). The verb determines which of the two auxiliary verbs will be used. See more at Tenses with haben or sein.
Present perfect indicative
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person | auxiliary verb | past participle (Partizip II) | ||||||
ich | habe | gegeben | ||||||
du | hast | |||||||
er / sie / es | hat | |||||||
wir | haben | |||||||
ihr | habt | |||||||
sie | haben | |||||||
Sie | haben |
Present perfect indicative
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person | auxiliary verb | past participle (Partizip II) | ||||||
ich | bin | gekommen | ||||||
du | bist | |||||||
er / sie / es | ist | |||||||
wir | sind | |||||||
ihr | seid | |||||||
sie | sind | |||||||
Sie | sind |
CA13A
Formation of the past participle (Partizip II)
The past participle (Partizip II) of the irregular verbs is formed with the "ge" prefix , the present perfect stem and the suffix "en".
Examples | ||||||
gehen |
ge
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+
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gang
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+
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en
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gegangen
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stehen |
stand
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gestanden
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nehmen |
nomm
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genommen
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sprechen |
sproch
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gesprochen
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kommen |
komm
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gekommen
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infinitive |
prefix ge
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+
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present perfect stem
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+
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ending -en
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past participle(Partizip II)
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CA13B
In separable verbs,"ge" is placed between the verb prefix and the verb stem.
Examples | ||||||
ausgehen |
aus
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+
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ge
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+
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gang-en
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ausgegangen
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anstehen |
an
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stand-en
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angestanden
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infinitive |
verb prefix
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+
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prefix "ge"
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+
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present perfect stem & ending -en
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past participle (Partizip II)
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CA13C
In inseparable verbs, the past participle (Partizip II) is formed without the use of the "ge" prefix. See more at Past Participle with/without -ge-.
Examples | ||||
begehen |
be
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+
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gang-en
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begangen
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verstehen |
ver
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stand-en
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verstanden
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infinitive |
verb prefix
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+
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present perfect stem & ending -en
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past participle (Partizip II)
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