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WORD GRAMMAR
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Verb
- Conjugation in indicative
- Person and number
- Tenses
- Voice
- Mood
- Verb categories
- Valency
- Semantic categories of verbs
- Finite / non-finite verb forms
- Noun
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Article
- Pronoun
- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Particle
- Interjection
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Verb
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SENTENCE GRAMMAR
- Clause types
- Complex clauses
- Constituents of a sentence
- Sentence structure
- Word order in a sentence
- Negation
Topological fields
XA2
For each of the three word order types, we distinguish a frame which, based on the predicate, divides the sentence into three fields.
In the first word order type, the finite verb form and the predicate arguments build the sentence frame. The following fields are distinguished:
1. The Prefield (Vorfeld), i.e. the field before the finite verb form,
2. the Middlefield (Mittelfeld), the field between the finite verb form and the other predicate arguments,
3. the Postfield (Nachfeld), i.e. the field after the other predicate arguments.
first word order type
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Examples | ||||||
Sabine
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verkauft
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ihr altes Fahrrad
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für 100 Euro.
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simple predicate | ||
Sabine
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wird
|
ihr altes Fahrrad
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für 100 Euro
|
verkaufen.
|
complex predicate | ||
Prefield (Vorfeld)
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Middlefield (Mittelfeld)
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Postfield (Nachfeld)
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Likewise, in the second word order type the finite verb form and the predicate arguments build the sentence frame. The following fields are distinguished:
1. the Middlefield (Mittelfeld), i.e. the field between the finite verb form and the other predicate arguments,
2. the Postfield (Nachfeld), i.e. the field after the other predicate arguments.
second word order type
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Examples | ||||||
Verkauft
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Sabine
|
ihr altes Fahrrad
|
für 100 Euro?
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|
simple predicate | ||
Wird
|
Sabine
|
ihr altes Fahrrad
|
für 100 Euro
|
verkaufen?
|
complex predicate | ||
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Middlefield (Mittelfeld)
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Postfield (Nachfeld)
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|||||
In the third word order type, the subordinating conjunction and the predicate build the sentence frame. The following fields are distinguished:
1. the Middlefield (Mittelfeld), i.e. the field between the subordinating conjunction and the predicate,
2. the Postfield (Nachfeld), i.e. the field after the predicate.
third word order type |
Examples | |||||||
..., dass
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Sabine
|
ihr altes Fahrrad
|
für 100 Euro.
|
verkauft.
|
simple predicate | |||
..., dass
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Sabine
|
ihr altes Fahrrad
|
für 100 Euro
|
verkaufen
|
wird.
|
complex predicate | ||
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Middlefield (Mittelfeld)
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Postfield (Nachfeld)
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