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WORD GRAMMAR
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Verb
- Conjugation in indicative
- Person and number
- Tenses
- Voice
- Mood
- Verb categories
- Valency
- Semantic categories of verbs
- Finite / non-finite verb forms
- Noun
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Article
- Pronoun
- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Particle
- Interjection
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Verb
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SENTENCE GRAMMAR
- Clause types
- Complex clauses
- Constituents of a sentence
- Sentence structure
- Word order in a sentence
- Negation
Special cases of perfect tenses formation : the substitute infinitive
The present perfect and the past perfect are formed with the auxiliary verbs haben or sein and the past participle (Partizip II).
Some verbs form these tenses not with the past participle (Partizip II) but with their infinitive. This only occurs when they are next to an infinitive and not when they are used as full verbs.
The following verbs function as mentioned above:
use
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1. | modal verbs dürfen, können, mögen, müssen, sollen and wollen |
obligatory
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2. | brauchen |
obligatory
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3. | lassen, sehen, hören |
frequent
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4. | heißen, machen, helfen, lehren, lernen, fühlen, spüren |
seldom
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Here are some examples for the first three categories:
Examples on modal verbs | ||||
Ich | habe | sofort nach Hause | gehen | müssen. |
Wir | haben | im Warteraum nicht | rauchen | dürfen. |
Sie | hatte | ihre Großeltern | besuchen | wollen. |
Er | hat | das Buch | lesen | sollen. |
auxiliary verb | infinitive | infinitive in the place of the past participle (Partizip II) | ||
Examples on the verb brauchen | ||||
Er | hat | nicht nochmals | zu kommen | brauchen. |
Sie | hatte | die Prüfung nicht | zu wiederholen | brauchen. |
auxiliary verb | infinitive | infinitive in the place of the past participle (Partizip II) | ||
Examples on verbs lassen, sehen, hören | ||||
Ich | habe | mich von meiner Frau | scheiden | lassen. |
Sie | hatte | ihre Enkelin | tanzen | sehen. |
Wir | haben | die Nachbarn laut | singen | hören. |
auxiliary verb | infinitive | infinitive in the place of the past participle (Partizip II) | ||