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WORD GRAMMAR
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Verb
- Conjugation in indicative
- Person and number
- Tenses
- Voice
- Mood
- Verb categories
- Valency
- Semantic categories of verbs
- Finite / non-finite verb forms
- Noun
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Article
- Pronoun
- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Particle
- Interjection
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Verb
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SENTENCE GRAMMAR
- Clause types
- Complex clauses
- Constituents of a sentence
- Sentence structure
- Word order in a sentence
- Negation
Formation of the imperative
CA96
The imperative of regular verbs is formed, in the singular number, by deleting the personal pronoun du and the ending -st of the second person singular of the present tense indicative:
imperative second person singular | |||
spielen
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öffnen
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arbeiten
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du spielst
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du öffnest
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du arbeitest
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present tense conjugation |
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spiel *
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öffne **
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arbeite ***
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imperative form |
* | Seldom, but possible, is the addition of the suffix "e" (spiele). |
** | The use of the suffix "e" is obligatory for verbs whose present tense stem ends in a plosive - or a fricative consonant + "n" or "m". |
*** | The suffix "e" is often added to verbs with a present tense stem ending in "-d/t", "-ig", "-el" or "-er". In such a case, the "e" of the "-el" and the "-er" ending can be omitted. |
CA96A
The imperative of irregular verbs is formed, in the singular number, by deleting the personal pronoun du and the ending -st of the second person singular of the present tense indicative. When the verb stem vowel takes an Umlaut (ä / äu / ö) , the Umlaut is omitted.
imperative second person singular | |||
kommen
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fahren
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geben
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du kommst
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du fährst
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du gibst
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present tense conjugation |
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komm
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fahr
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gib *
|
imperative form |
* Verbs that change their stem vowel from "i to ie" in the present tense, always form the imperative without the suffix "e" (exception: sehen).
CA96B
In plural, the imperative of both regular and irregular verbs is formed by deleting the personal pronoun ihr of the second person plural of the present tense indicative:
imperative second person plural (regular verbs) | |||
spielen
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öffnen
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arbeiten
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ihr spielt
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ihr öffnet
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ihr arbeitet
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present tense conjugation |
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spielt
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öffnet
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arbeitet
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imperative form |
imperative second person plural (irregular verbs) | |||
kommen
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fahren
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geben
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ihr kommt
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ihr fahrt
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ihr gebt
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present tense conjugation |
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kommt
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fahrt
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gebt
|
imperative form |
CA96C
The polite form of the imperative of both regular and irregular verbs is formed by placing the personal pronoun Sie after the verb.
imperative second person plural (regular verbs) | |||
spielen
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öffnen
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arbeiten
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Sie spielen
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Sie öffnen
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Sie arbeiten
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present tense conjugation |
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spielen Sie
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öffnen Sie
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arbeiten Sie
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imperative form |
imperative second person plural (irregular verbs) | |||
kommen
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fahren
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geben
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Sie kommen
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Sie fahren
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Sie geben
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present tense conjugation |
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kommen Sie
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fahren Sie
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geben Sie
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imperative form |
CA96D
Exceptions in the formation of the imperative:
sein
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haben
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werden
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sei
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hab
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werde
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second person singular |
seid
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habt
|
werdet
|
second person plural |
seien Sie
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haben Sie
|
werden Sie
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polite form |
Modal verbs do not form the imperative.