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WORD GRAMMAR
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Verb
- Conjugation in indicative
- Person and number
- Tenses
- Voice
- Mood
- Verb categories
- Valency
- Semantic categories of verbs
- Finite / non-finite verb forms
- Noun
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Article
- Pronoun
- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Particle
- Interjection
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Verb
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SENTENCE GRAMMAR
- Clause types
- Complex clauses
- Constituents of a sentence
- Sentence structure
- Word order in a sentence
- Negation
Indirect speech
Notes:
In the indirect speech, one must pay attention to the following :
1 |
the indirect speech is introduced by a verb or a noun that states that someone says, thinks, claims something. |
2 | the indirect speech and the direct speech are in the same tense. The tense of the sentence that introduces the indirect speech is not important. |
3 | the indirect speech can be expressed by subordinate clauses introduced by a conjunction (dass-clauses) or by subordinate clauses that are not introduced by a conjunction. For reasons of style, successive dass-clauses should be avoided. |
4 | pronouns change in the indirect speech according to context. |
5 | adverbial complements of time or place change in the indirect speech according to context. |
6 | Konjunktiv forms in the direct speech remain unchanged in the indirect speech. |
7 | Infinitive structures in the direct speech remain unchanged in the indirect speech. |