Indirect speech

Notes:

 

In the indirect speech, one must pay attention to the following :

 

1

the indirect speech is introduced by a verb or a noun that states that someone says, thinks, claims something.

2 the indirect speech and the direct speech are in the same tense. The tense of the sentence that introduces the indirect speech is not important.
3 the indirect speech can be expressed by subordinate clauses introduced by a conjunction (dass-clauses) or by subordinate clauses that are not introduced by a conjunction. For reasons of style, successive dass-clauses should be avoided.
4 pronouns change in the indirect speech according to context.
5 adverbial complements of time or place change in the indirect speech according to context.
6 Konjunktiv forms in the direct speech remain unchanged in the indirect speech.
7 Infinitive structures in the direct speech remain unchanged in the indirect speech.