Present participle (Partizip I)

CA125

The present participle (Partizip I) is formed with the present infinitive (active voice) and the ending -d.

Examples

spielen-d

fahren-d

tanzen-d

sprechen-d

ändern-d

Variable and invariable forms of the present participle (Partizip I)

When the present participle (Partizip I) is combined with a finite verb form, it remains invariable. Its subject is the subject of the finite verb.

Example

Paul betrat lachend das Zimmer.

It can take a number of arguments, required or free.

Example

Paul betrat laut lachend das Zimmer.

When the present participle (Partizip I) precedes a noun, it is variable. It functions as an adjective and is inflected according to the noun's gender, case and number. It can take a number of arguments, required or not.

Example

Die laut lachenden Kinder betraten das Zimmer.