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WORD GRAMMAR
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Verb
- Conjugation in indicative
- Person and number
- Tenses
- Voice
- Mood
- Verb categories
- Valency
- Semantic categories of verbs
- Finite / non-finite verb forms
- Noun
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Article
- Pronoun
- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Particle
- Interjection
-
Verb
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SENTENCE GRAMMAR
- Clause types
- Complex clauses
- Constituents of a sentence
- Sentence structure
- Word order in a sentence
- Negation
Present
Some irregular verbs change the vowel in their stem also in the present tense, in the second and third person singular.
Bearing that in mind, five different categories emerge.
In the first two categories, the verb stem vowel -e changes into an -i or an- ie.
Present indicative | |||||
e --- i
|
|
e --- ie
|
|||
person | stem | ending | stem | ending | |
ich |
sprech
|
e |
seh
|
e | |
du |
sprich
|
st |
sieh
|
st | |
er / sie / es |
sprich
|
t |
sieh
|
t | |
wir |
sprech
|
en |
seh
|
en | |
ihr |
sprech
|
t |
seh
|
t | |
sie |
sprech
|
en |
seh
|
en | |
Sie |
sprech
|
en |
seh
|
en |
In the next three categories, the verb stem vowel a, au and o takes an Umlaut.
Present indicative | ||||||||
a --- ä
|
|
au --- äu
|
o --- ö
|
|||||
person | stem | ending | stem | ending | stem | ending | ||
ich |
schlaf
|
e |
lauf
|
e |
stoß
|
e | ||
du |
schläf
|
st |
läuf
|
st |
stöß
|
t | ||
er / sie / es |
schläf
|
t |
läuf
|
t |
stöß
|
t | ||
wir |
schlaf
|
en |
lauf
|
en |
stoß
|
en | ||
ihr |
schlaf
|
t |
lauf
|
t |
stoß
|
t | ||
sie |
schlaf
|
en |
lauf
|
en |
stoß
|
en | ||
Sie |
schlaf
|
en |
lauf
|
en |
stoß
|
en |