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WORD GRAMMAR
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Verb
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The relative pronouns wer/was
HA20
Pronouns wer and was can also be used as relative pronouns. The pronoun wer refers only to people, while was only to non-persons. As we can see in the table below, wer and was have no gender or number. They are inflected as follows.
person
|
non-person
|
|
nominative |
wer
|
was
|
genitive |
wessen
|
wessen
|
dative |
wem
|
(was)*
|
accusative |
wen
|
was
|
* The dative type of was is only used in everyday language.
Examples | |
Wer keinen Pass hat, kann die Grenze nicht übertreten. |
Was sehr interessant ist, ist das archäologische Museum. |
Wem das Essen nicht schmeckt, der zahlt nicht dafür. | Was du gesagt hast, ist absurd. |
Wen ich zuerst treffe, frage ich. | Was ich brauche, ist in meiner Tasche. |
person | non-person |
Notes
1. Wer can be used as a relative pronoun in the place of a demonstrative and a relative pronoun. As mentioned, it can only refer to people.
Examples | ||
Derjenige, der keinen Pass hat, kann die Grenze nicht übertreten. |
=
|
Wer keinen Pass hat, (der)* kann die Grenze nicht übertreten. |
Derjenige, dem das Essen nicht schmeckt, zahlt nicht dafür. |
=
|
Wem das Essen nicht schmeckt, der* zahlt nicht dafür. |
* When the relative and the demonstrative pronoun are not in the same case, the main clause that follows must be introduced with the demonstrative pronoun. Otherwise, it can be omitted.
2. Was can be used as a relative pronoun in the place of the demonstrative pronoun das and a relative pronoun. As mentioned, it can only refer to non-persons.
Examples | ||
Das, was sehr interessant ist, ist das archäologische Museum. |
=
|
Was sehr interessant ist, ist das archäologische Museum. |
Das, was du gesagt hast, ist absurd. |
=
|
Was du gesagt hast, ist absurd. |
Alternatively, was is used when the relative pronoun refers to neuter gender indefinite pronouns (alles, nichts, einiges, etwas, manches, vieles, weniges), neuter gender demonstrative pronouns (das, dasselbe, dasjenige) and neuter gender nominalized adjectives in the superlative.
Examples |
Alles, was ich weiß. |
Dasselbe, was dir widerfahren ist. |
Das Schönste, was ich erlebt habe. |