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WORD GRAMMAR
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Verb
- Conjugation in indicative
- Person and number
- Tenses
- Voice
- Mood
- Verb categories
- Valency
- Semantic categories of verbs
- Finite / non-finite verb forms
- Noun
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Article
- Pronoun
- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Particle
- Interjection
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Verb
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SENTENCE GRAMMAR
- Clause types
- Complex clauses
- Constituents of a sentence
- Sentence structure
- Word order in a sentence
- Negation
Tenses
CA50
There are six tenses in the German language.
tenses | Examples | |
present | es funktioniert | es geschieht |
Präteritum | es funktionierte | es geschah |
present perfect | es hat funktioniert | es ist geschehen |
past perfect | es hatte funktioniert | es war geschehen |
simple future (Future I) | es wird funktionieren | es wird geschehen |
future perfect (Future II) | es wird funktioniert haben | es wird geschehen sein |
The various tenses basically express temporal aspects. However, certain time forms have other functions; they are used, for example, to express a supposition, a request, a demand etc.
aspect | Examples |
time | Er ist um diese Zeit zu Hause. |
supposition | Er wird um diese zeit zu Hause sein. |
request | Ihr werdet das Geld sofort zurückgeben. |
Below follows a synoptic display of the frequency of tense use in practice:
present | past | future | |
present | *** | * | *** |
Präteritum | *** | ||
present perfect | *** | * | |
past perfect | ** | ||
simple future (Future I) | ** | ||
future perfect (Future II) | * |
* | the present tense with reference to the past, the present perfect tense with reference to the future and the future perfect are only seldom used. |
** | the past perfect and the simple future are more frequently used. |
*** | most frequent is the use of the present tense with reference to the present and to the future, of the Präteritum (especially in the written language) and of the present perfect tense. |