-
WORD GRAMMAR
-
Verb
- Conjugation in indicative
- Person and number
- Tenses
- Voice
- Mood
- Verb categories
- Valency
- Semantic categories of verbs
- Finite / non-finite verb forms
- Noun
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Article
- Pronoun
- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Particle
- Interjection
-
Verb
-
SENTENCE GRAMMAR
- Clause types
- Complex clauses
- Constituents of a sentence
- Sentence structure
- Word order in a sentence
- Negation
e- addition
CA43
An "e" is added to the ending of a verb, when the verb stem ends in
1. | d, t |
2. | b, p, d, t, g, k, f, s, ch, sch + m or n |
This occurs in the following cases *:
present indicative | Präteritum indicative | past participle (Partizip II) | |
regular verbs | 2. person singular | all persons in singular and plural | formation of the past participle (Partizip II) |
3. person singular | |||
2. person plural | |||
irregular verbs | 2. person singular** | 2nd person plural | --- |
3. person singular** | |||
2. person plural |
* possible or obligatory e-addition in the imperative is not included here. See more at "Formation of the imperative form".
** does not apply to those irregular verbs that undergo a change in the verb stem vowel in the 2nd and 3rd person singular (e.g. laden = du lädst, er lädt).
Some examples:
regular verbs | |||||||
present indicative
|
Präteritum indicative | past participle (Partizip II) | |||||
person | stem | ending | stem | ending | |||
ich |
arbeit
|
e |
arbeit
|
ete | gearbeitet | ||
du |
arbeit
|
est |
arbeit
|
etest | |||
er / sie / es |
arbeit
|
et |
arbeit
|
ete | |||
wir |
arbeit
|
en |
arbeit
|
eten | |||
ihr |
arbeit
|
et |
arbeit
|
etet | |||
sie |
arbeit
|
en |
arbeit
|
eten | |||
Sie |
arbeit
|
en |
arbeit
|
eten |
irregular verbs | |||||
present indicative
|
Präteritum indicative | ||||
person | stem | ending | stem | ending | |
ich |
find
|
e |
fand
|
-- | |
du |
find
|
est |
fand
|
st | |
er / sie / es |
find
|
et |
fand
|
-- | |
wir |
find
|
en |
fand
|
en | |
ihr |
find
|
et |
fand
|
et | |
sie |
find
|
en |
fand
|
en | |
Sie |
find
|
en |
fand
|
en |