Notes

1. The reflexive pronoun is identical to the subject and is in the same person and number.

2. Reflexive verbs always form the present perfect and the past perfect tense with the auxiliary verb "haben". This does not apply to reciprocal verbs, which can form the present perfect and the past perfect with both "haben" and "sein".

3. Both reflexive and reciprocal verbs do not form the Vorgangspassiv and the Zustandspassiv. Some verbs form the Zustandsreflexiv, a structure which, like the Zustandspassiv, comprises of the auxiliary verb "sein" and the past participle (Partizip II). Verbs that form the Zustandsreflexiv must be combined with a reflexive pronoun in the accusative case. In the Zustandsreflexiv, the reflexive pronoun is omitted.

* Reflexive verbs of the subcategory 2b (verbs with which the identity of the subject and object determines the use of the reflexive pronoun) form the Zustandreflexiv and the Zustandspassiv in the same way i.e. with sein + past participle (Partizip II). We can determine which of the two forms is being used only by context.

4. The present participle (Partizip I) of a reflexive verb can function as an attributive adjective to a noun. In this case, the present participle must always be accompanied by a reflexive pronoun.

On the contrary, the past participle (Partizip II) of a reflexive verb can function as an attributive adjective to a noun, only if the reflexive verb can form the Zustandsreflexiv. The reflexive pronoun is omitted.