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WORD GRAMMAR
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Verb
- Conjugation in indicative
- Person and number
- Tenses
- Voice
- Mood
- Verb categories
- Valency
- Semantic categories of verbs
- Finite / non-finite verb forms
- Noun
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Article
- Pronoun
- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Particle
- Interjection
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Verb
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SENTENCE GRAMMAR
- Clause types
- Complex clauses
- Constituents of a sentence
- Sentence structure
- Word order in a sentence
- Negation
Present tense
CA3
The present tense is formed as follows.
Present indicative
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||||||||
person | stem | ending | ||||||
ich |
spiel
|
e | ||||||
du |
spiel
|
st | ||||||
er / sie / es |
spiel
|
t | ||||||
wir |
spiel
|
en | ||||||
ihr |
spiel
|
t | ||||||
sie |
spiel
|
en | ||||||
Sie |
spiel
|
en |
CA3A
When the stem of a verb ends in -d, -t, an "e" is added in the 2nd and 3rd person singular and in the 3rd person plural.
Present indicative: e-addition
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person | stem | ending | ||||||
ich |
arbeit
|
e | ||||||
du |
arbeit
|
est | ||||||
er / sie / es |
arbeit
|
et | ||||||
wir |
arbeit
|
en | ||||||
ihr |
arbeit
|
et | ||||||
sie |
arbeit
|
en | ||||||
Sie |
arbeit
|
en |
The same applies to verbs whose stem ends in a consonant + -m, -n. Exception: When an -r precedes the -m or -n, like in verbs formen, wärmen, lernen, turnen.
Present indicative: e-addition
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person | stem | ending | ||||||
ich |
zeichn
|
e | ||||||
du |
zeichn
|
est | ||||||
er / sie / es |
zeichn
|
et | ||||||
wir |
zeichn
|
en | ||||||
ihr |
zeichn
|
et | ||||||
sie |
zeichn
|
en | ||||||
Sie |
zeichn
|
en |
CA3B
When the stem of a verb ends in -er or -el , the "e" of the ending in the 1st and the 3rd person plural and in the polite form is deleted.
Present indicative e-deletion in the ending
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person | stem | ending | ||||||
ich |
änder
|
e | ||||||
du |
änder
|
st | ||||||
er / sie / es |
änder
|
t | ||||||
wir |
änder
|
n | ||||||
ihr |
änder
|
t | ||||||
sie |
änder
|
n | ||||||
Sie |
änder
|
n |
In addition, verbs whose stem ends in -el, usually lose the "e" of the stem of the 1st person singular.
Present indicative: e-deletion in the stem + in the ending
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||||||||
person | stem | ending | ||||||
ich |
segl
|
e | ||||||
du |
segel
|
st | ||||||
er / sie / es |
segel
|
t | ||||||
wir |
segel
|
n | ||||||
ihr |
segel
|
t | ||||||
sie |
segel
|
n | ||||||
Sie |
segel
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n |
CA3C
When the verb stem ends in -s, -ß, -z or -x, the "s" in the ending of the 2nd person singular is deleted.
Present indicative: s-merge
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person | stem | ending | ||||||
ich |
reis
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e | ||||||
du |
reis
|
t | ||||||
er / sie / es |
reis
|
t | ||||||
wir |
reis
|
en | ||||||
ihr |
reis
|
t | ||||||
sie |
reis
|
en | ||||||
Sie |
reis
|
en |